Decompression Theory 101, abbreviated:
You load up on nitrogen. Different bits of you at different speed. For calculation purposes bits that are similarly quick in absorbing and releasing nitrogen are grouped in compartments.
Compartments have a maximum of nitrogen in relation to the pressure surrounding them, before Bad Things Happen. Let's say about .4 ata (for the sake of calculations; do not use this to plan your dives!!). So... You are at 1 ata, and your highest compartment is at , let's say 1.4 ata equivalent nitrogen load. Oh, remember, at sea level, your nitrogen loading is .78 ata (air 21% O2, 78% N2, 1% rest)
So... Assume that you have been diving a lot, and are skimming the NDLs (bad practice, tbh), and you load up your 10.5hrs compartment to the point of where you can *just* surface before issues start. Cabin Altitude we are going to assume at .6 atm (4000m/12k ft altitude), while you have just climbed out of the sea at 1 atm.
Now, in 10.5 hrs the slow compartment is going to be from it's maximum to halfway to sea level nitrogen levels. This gives you 1.09 atm. You want to risk a 1.09-.6 = .49 atm difference? 20% over what you can normally be expected to tolerate...
You wait another 10.5 hrs. Now, your level is (1.09+.78)/2 = 0,935. Gives you .335 over your cabin altitude. .4 you can tolerate... Let's go Fly!
So... 21 hrs before safe flying!
Ok, to load up your 10.5hrs compartment to 1.4 ata, you need to basically go into saturation diving.... so effectively, you won't have this long to wait in practice.
I personally am of the opinion that longer wait times are not detrimental to post diving safety!
Gerbs - plans for 18-24hrs/computer desat whichever is longer, and is still perturbed that basic decompression theory is not included in OWD, as all dives over 10m/33ft are decompression dives (albeit where surfacing at a low enough rate stops the bad things happening without needing stops)