Adhd

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Hi guys,
a newbie to the forum. ADHD. Some interesting and thought provoking stuff throughout this thread. Provoking enough to make me comment on a few of the issues raised.

As divers we all have a massive ethical and moral responsibility to ourselves and perhaps even more so to our dive buddy(ies). Using that as a foundation, let us consider some of the criteria that are used to diagnose ADHD. These usually include often makes careless mistakes; often has trouble keeping attention on tasks; easily distracted; often does not follow instructions; often loses things. Now imagine that the person who has been clinically diagnosed with these issues is underwater with you, you have a major equipment problem at depth and YOU are reliant upon them to keep you alive. Sound dramatic? It certainly does. Over dramatic? Possibly. It is, however, the very reason that I would simply refuse to dive with you if you had been clinically diagnosed with ADHD. You can take the risk if you want but you are not taking it with me!

We then have the very real issue that we simply do not know how your medication will consistently react at depth, respond to the intake of mixed gases etc. I know that this sounds incredibly harsh but if no clinically proven, scientifically robust trials have been undertaken into the reaction of behavioural control drugs to depth, the intake of mixed gases or partial pressures then I am again afraid that on a basic buddy level I simply would not dive you. The "well, everything has been alright so far" argument is just is not enough to convince me that I can rely upon you when I might REALLY need you!

Changing direction slightly, let us take the trust issue a stage further. Assuming that your courses have been PADI courses then you should have completed a PADI medical questionnaire for each course. In that questionnaire there are clear questions with regard to the taking of prescribed medication AND behavioural health issues. Assuming you answered these questions honestly then your Instructor had a legal, moral and ethical obligation not to allow you to complete your OW, AOW and Rescue Diver courses without having explicit written approval from your doctor that you were fit to dive to the depths permitted by the courses that you completed. This is obviously an issue for you to address with your Instructor but if I were in that position I would be at least slightly concerned. As good a diver as your instructor may appear to be they are exactly that. A diver. Not a trained or qualified medical professional specialising in hyperbaric medicine.

Now let´s progress to the professional ranks. If there are clear ethical, moral and risk issues on the grounds of ADHD and the taking of behavioural control drugs with regard to whether or not we are a "safe" dive buddy then where does that potentially place us as a dive professional responsible for the safety and continued diving development of our students and our clients?

On a practical level, if ADHD is a pre existing and ongoing condition then the likelihood of being able to get the medical and professional liability insurance needed to operate as a teaching status diving professional is slim in the extreme.

The rest, the being responsible for the care and safety of each and every client or student that is under your tutelage in the water? You may potentially be the greatest instructor the world has ever seen, teach tables in a perfect, yet unheard of way that every student gets in two minutes, but diving is so much more than that. It is as safe a past time as it is because we evaluate the risks, weigh up the potential dangers and recognise that if we do not manage these correctly then there is a massive amount that can go wrong. If we need to explain any more than that.........

Think I am scare mongering? Don´t want to take my word for it? Think that I am a long winded bore with too much to say? No problem, ignore the whole lot! Before you do though....

Unfortunately, as a newbie I am not allowed to post direct URLs but have a good look under the Psychiatric heading of the Medical Advice section of the London Diving Chamber website and subject no. 223 (Diving Medicals) under the Medical Discussions heading on the BSAC Forum site. Once you have read those, ask yourself "is diving with ADHD still such a good idea?"
 
Hi Beanz,

The links to which you refer are here:

Recent BSAC Medical Discussion thread on ADHD
Diving Medical - BSAC Scuba Diving Forums

Diving on ADHD Medications
Diving Medicine, FAQs, Common Diving Problems, London Recompression & Hyperbaric facilities - The London Diving Chamber

I think you've raised some excellent food for thought, although it could be argued that perhaps you were somewhat absolute and summary in your positions.

As with other psychiatric/behavioral disorders, decisions to SCUBA with an ADHD-spectrum disorder is a case by case determination.

A diver with ADHD likely will be able to SCUBA safely if: (a) thorough mental status examination demonstrates the condition is well-controlled; (b) s/he has been on medication for an extended period and side effects worrisome for SCUBA are neither reported nor observed upon careful examination; (c) there are no other medical/behavioral contraindications in the clinical picture; (d) the diver feels s/he is up to the recreation and fully comprehends any remaining risks; (e) psychiatric clearance to dive has been obtained; and (f) s/he is forthright about the condition with dive ops and dive buddies.

Thanks for your participation.

Regards,

DocVikingo

This is educational only and does not constitute or imply a doctor-patient relationship. It is not medical advice to you or any other individual, and should not be construed as such.
 
Hi DocVikingo,

Sorry for going off "on one" on my first ever post!! this is an issue that is particulalry close to my heart for a variety of reasons and as such I have some pretty "entrenched" views on it!! My main issue is the general absence of robust clinical trials that prove beyond reasonable doubt that behavioural control drugs are extremely unlikely to react adversely to depth, partial pressures of gases etc.

I am uncomfortable with the idea of being a "guinea pig" and potentially having to deal with the consequences of being in such a position. This, for me, is further heightened in that it I get a sense from some of the posts on this topic that some dive instructors are either promoting themselves to the level of MD with expertise in Hyperbaric medicine or some divers are bending the truth somewhat because they fear that they may not be able to dive.

This one is a debate that I will follow with great interest over the next few days.
 
Hey Beanz and Doc:
As a former spouse/dive buddy of an ADHD, Inattentive type this topic has interested me for years. My own experience was posted in the 2004 thread referenced above...and like Beanz, I am unlikely to take on a buddy with diagnosed ADHD.

Doc- to go back to your point (c) above - in my experience with the ADHD population (during the years we worked on the issues) was that most of the folks I came into contact with had co-morbid conditions as well. (Full disclosure - I am not a doctor, nor do I play one on TV!) These ran the gamut including dyslexia, OCD, high-functioning autistic spectrum (PDD - pervasive development disorder or Aspbergers) to the more traditional autistic behaviors. In my case my spouse was diagnosed with ADHD, dyslexia, PDD and let us not forget dysthymia. Any one of the preceding could be cause alone to punch the C-card, in total they presented a bleak picture.

I have very little knowledge about the chemistry of drugs under pressure, so I will steer clear of that topic!

As for diagnostics used, we were fortunate find a local specialist in adult diagnosis. Luckily we could afford his services as insurance was not accepted. Part of what I found troubling was the diagnostic method in that it is based on exclusion - well, we rule out what ISN'T wrong with you, so what we have left is this spectrum disorder...for one who loves order and definitive answers this was really frustrating!

I understand my ex- continues to dive in vacation (warm) settings. He continues to have more accidents then the 'normal' person (another trend that has been mentioned with the professionals we dealt with). I have heard his current girlfriend has many of the same issues I did and refuses to ride on his motorcycle when he is off his meds. And that leads to another thing I discovered - patients like going off their meds. Given meds need a couple days to become totally effective, if you have a buddy you need to find out their med schedules and dosing. I don't want to be near you the first morning after a week off!

Today my dive buddy is a dive professional. I can't tell you how comfortable and safe I feel diving with him -safe being the operative word! The stress of watching and wondering if my buddy is looking out for me is gone making diving an enjoyable experience.

Good luck and stay tuned, this is an interesting topic and with recent stats bantied about of 1 in 150 are ADHD it's not going away!

Regards ~ Jersey
 
. . . His psychiatrist or psychologist and you will need to evaluate his fitness to dive. Look at such areas as:. . . . Lloyd

Question - should the boy's psychiatrist or psychologist evaluate him, or should Dad & Mom find a diving psychiatrist or psychologist to consult? It seems - and I am not a doc! - that one would want a diving psychiatrist or psychologist because s/he would know exactly what a diver needs to do. AND the boy's psychiatrist or psychologist should be involved because s/he knows the boy's case intimately.

My.02 . . .
 
Hi Jersey,

It would appear that your now ex-spouse/dive buddy at the least failed to meet the stated ctiteria "(a) thorough mental status examination demonstrates the condition is well-controlled" and "(c)there are no other medical/behavioral contraindications in the clinical picture", and probably "(e) psychiatric clearance to dive has been obtained" as well.

Based on your description, this appears to be a person who should not be diving.

BTW, you are correct that comorbidity is a big issue in ADHD.

Regards,

DocVikingo
 
Remember that concerta, and other drugs like it, are "speed." They accelerate the heart. So be sure to monitor that if you take him diving.
 
My 21 year old son is on the Autistic Spectrum. He has normal to above normal intelligence, but is emotionally handicapped with many of the same issues as ADHD. Similar medications are often used for both disorders. When I decided to get certified a couple of years ago, he expressed interest.

I consulted his psychiatrist, neurologist and our family doctor (who is a certified diver). All gave approval for the training and the family doctor signed the PADI form. Of course, the dive shop and instructor were part of our discussion.

Our concern was that he would have issues with anxiety underwater. We agreed that if this was an issue he would withdraw from training.

This turned out to not be the case. I have a great picture here, one of my favorites http://www.greatcompanionsminiaussies.com/BahamasPictures/Lessons4MWV.jpg
of him clowning for the camera on his first pool dive. He loved it.

He is confident and attentive underwater. When I look around he is always there paying attention. On a recent dive, he encountered a reverse air block. He calmly signaled me that he had a problem then started a slow ascent until he as able to resolve the problem.

We are enthusiastic divers, but are not interested in pressing the limits. I am happy that he has found a sport that he can participate in and relate to other adults with the same interests. It is also great to have a recreational activity that he can participate in with my oldest son and myself. The three of us are diving the keys next month and going to Cozumel in April.

Many individuals on the Autistic Spectrum, including my son, with probably never be truly independent, but they should be evaluated on an individual basis on their ability to be successful divers.

The medications that they take allow them to be as "normal" as they will ever be, and unless there is a clear correlation of a medication to diving problems this should not be a major consideration. Their ability to learn, remember and remain calm and focused is what matters. If medication allows them to do this, I think thats great.
 
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I've been poking around the various forums, and this one caught my attention since I am a) a new diver (certified 6 months, 18 dives) and b) have been diagnosed with adhd (more hyperactive and impulsive than inattentive. it's very rare that I'm inattentive). Also, I'm not medicated. For me, the risks of being medicated far outweighed the benefits of it. I don't need meds to get through my day to day life. I am definitely in agreement that clearing someone with ADHD to dive should be done on a case by case basis. Unless I tell people that I have ADHD, they honestly don't know. It is after I tell them that they actually notice how hyperactive I can be, especially if I'm in a situation where I get easily excited. And I do get excited while diving. In my first few dives, my girlfriend had to physically touch me to remind me to calm down. It wasn't a "bad" excited, I just needed to calm down and relax (which is something I have always struggled with. I'm always on the go and when I was younger, I used to keep going until I dropped). Now that I've been diving more, I'm less excitable, and, believe it or not, one of the most attentive divers in my group of friends who dive. Also, I am able to plan dives and dive my plan. While most of my dives have been boat dives led by a DM (who merely acted as a guide. None of us were coddled if you will), I have done a few shore dives where I did all of the planning. I have always led the shore dives my girlfriend and I have done. Am I more easily distracted than the person next to me, yeah, I know that. But it's something that over the years I have worked on. But, I also realize that things in diving can go terribly wrong, where my friends or myself can be terribly hurt or even worse, die. But, over the years, I have learned to adapt. I'm a huge fidget. I always need to be doing something with my hands (and funnily enough if my hands are occupied, I'm more attentive). So I use this to my advantage. I am constantly checking my SPG, depth gauge, computer, etc. It gives my hands something to do, allowing me to focus on the dive, as well as my buddies. Yes, I realize that I am exception to the norm. But, I have also learned how to live, unmedicated for the most part (tried various types of meds in college under the advice of psychologist on campus), dive, and work. Over the years, I have learned what works for me in controlling my ADHD, without the use of meds, as well as being "normal".
 
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