Well I can relate from personal experience how NOT to navigate in near zero visibility. This happened several years ago, I took my gear along on a camping trip to "Jellystone Campgrounds", figuring anywhere there's a body of water is a place to dive. Turns out that the lake was manmade, about 6' deep all the way across, and the visibility was less than a foot.
So I gear up at my campsite, take a compass bearing to the otherside of the lake, and swim underwater seeing nothing but murk the entire distance, holding the compass right in front of my face (although did a pretty decent job of keeping it horizontal and pointed straight ahead of me). I did cheat from time to time and stuck my head out of the water to check my progress. Eventually I made it to the other side of the lake and as I pulled myself to my feet there was a man and his son fishing. The son said "Wow a scuba diver!". I gave a nod feeling rather proud of myself for my achievement and the accolades of an 8 year old and after a few more pleasantries I hopped back in the water, and reversed course. Only this time the visibility was zero because of everything I kicked up on the way across the lake. So I figured I'd swim for a bit trying to keep a straight line based on nothing but instinct and after a few dozen fin kicks I stuck my head up out of the water to check my progress- and found myself looking at- you guessed it- the father and his young son, having swam in a complete circle.
I don't recommend you try this at home