A dive should be planned and then executed. You determine where the dive will take place, the depth, the time, the exposure protection, the goal, the surface interval.
A repetitive dive can be achieved without getting out of the water or swapping a tank, if back gas allows and a surface interval spent floating on the surface is part of the plan.
A single cenote dive may involve surfacing in multiple subterranean rooms. The planned dive involved an overall shallow profile with multiple small ascents and descents. Still one dive.
A planned dive may end up being shorter and shallower than the actual plan due to special circumstances. As others have stated, this can and likely should still be a logged dive.
Can a pool dive be a dive? Maybe. My dive partner and I have a contract with the city aquatics center. The pool is huge and deep, so the cost of draining and refilling the pool for maintenance is very high. Instead of draining the pool, we do maintenance like gluing new tiles on the walls and floors, and cleaning the undersides of the bulkheads, etc., while underwater using scuba equipment.
The job requires planning and often involves a high level of task loading. For fun and challenge, we accomplish all of the tasks while staying neutrally buoyant and balanced. My computer read 14' for 70 minutes. I didn't log it, but it is real time experience.
If someone logged the same pool dive in submission for further training, I'd likely accept it.
Same with public aquariums.