Here are some things I got out of the PADI course...
cornfed once bubbled...
How specifically does it build confidence?
I learned that I can keep my head and respond appropriately to situations on the surface and under water. These included scenarios that were talked about ahead of time as well as "surprise" situations the instructor came up with without warning us in advance.
I also learned that I could, in fact, work through my own "self-rescue" problems in and on the water.
cornfed once bubbled...
What specific skills are covered?
Let's see - I know I'll miss some - but here's a few:
-As mentioned - self-rescue, which basically translated means keeping your cool if you get in a pinch, keep breathing, think through how to fix the problem, then fix it.
-Recognizing stress (Physical and mental)in yourself as well as in other divers and how to deal with it
-I believe first aid, CPR and Oxygen administration is also part of this course, but as a paramedic, my license served as the pre-requisite for this.
More detail was provided on diving related injuries in the course and their treatment.
-Emergency management was covered, which is basically what do you need to do to mitigate the situation and get the victim to definitive care (i.e. hospital ER or hyperbaric chamber).
-Specific techniques for dealing with responsive (primarily paniced) and unresponsive divers on the surface and underwater. These included getting control of the victim and getting them to the surface/back to the boat or shore. Lots of practice involved here.
cornfed once bubbled...
Is there a difference between are there any differences between the PADI, SSI and NAUI courses?
How does NAUIs Advance Rescue class fit into the picture?
As I said - I took PADI's so I can't answer these. Sorry
cornfed once bubbled...
Are their things which arent required buy some instructors include?
Are their things with aren't include that should be?
I only had 1 instructor, so I can't tell you if some instructors leave stuff out. It was only a 2-day class, but as I said, my first aid, CPR and O2 administration was already covered. Also, it was expected that the self-study (knowledge reviews) were done ahead of time. This was the case with all of the people in my class, so very little "classroom" review was necessary en route to the dive site.
Hope this helps and I will join the chorus in saying it was a VERY worthwhile class. I'm sure as with any dive instruction, it depends on the instructor conducting the course...