I would venture that the data doesn't exist, in the manner you asked the question. First, you would have to do a representative sample of dives. Then, within that sample, you'd have to know which ones were computer dives, and which were table dives. Then, beyond that, you'd actually have to have some accident statistics. But with the statistics, you'd have to separate out the issues of "accidents" in which the proximate "cause" was the computer.
If you look at dive accident statistics (DAN has good info), you can look at the data and see a wide range of issues. Was the accident "caused" by the computer? I would venture to say that it most cases it was not. Many accidents involve out-of-air situations. Many others involve diver panic, in which they drown with air in their tanks and, alas, their weights in their weight belt. i am not aware of someone getting "bad data" from their computer that leads to a problem.
Consider what computers "do". What is happening is they are continuously tracking your dive profile, and applying a mathematical algorithm to various tissue classes (fast and slow) within your body, working off of measurable Doppler data, along with theoretical diffusion rates of the tissue gasses. The tables, conversely, are working with a bit more "crude" data, and assuming you are diving a "square" profile. So if you were to graph the two different real-time profiles, and take the area under the depth vs. time curve on each graph, this would be roughly analogous to your "allowed" time and also relates to your residual nitrogen. Obviously, accounting for a non-square profile would equate to less residual nitrogen (for same max depth), which would equate to either a smaller surface interval for the next same-depth dive (as compared to the tables), and/or give you more bottom time for the same-depth dive, as compared to the tables, on the next dive.
HOWEVER, there are many factors affecting DCS. You could be perfect on your dive, and shoot up the last 20 feet and get bent, even with a computer. You hydration levels make a huge difference, too.
Tables and computers both are a guide. Yes, they are predominately "safe", but this is for an average diver. An individual with underlying respiratory conditions, lack of hydration, blood infection, etc. could massively impact the bodies ability to properly off-gas the residual nitrogen in a timely, effective manner. That is why your DM should ask you after a dive if you are feeling well. That is why you should also tell your dive buddy and the DM if there is anything that seems not quite right.
But computers are just a tool, working off models from the best information currently available. Not understanding how your own works is cause for concern. Not understanding the ascent alarms, the stop recommendations, etc. can lead to further issues - especially when doing repetitive diving.
