You had what is called a "reverse block". Whether or not you had problems equalizing on the way down (and it's likely you had a little, and perhaps more than you recognized), by the time you went to ascend, your Eustachian tube was swollen and didn't want to let the expanding air out of your middle ear. This is a horrible problem to have underwater, because ascending is the one mandatory diving maneuver, and if your ear won't let you do it, eventually you have to do it anyway. You can do significant damage to your ears (including blowing an eardrum, or worse) if you have to ascend in the face of a block.
Your current symptoms are almost certainly barotrauma. You may consider decongestants like Sudafed or Afrin, anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen, and mechanical solutions like chewing gum, to try to alleviate your symptoms (always assuming you have no contraindications to any of the treatments). If your problem doesn't resolve within a few days, I'd get a good ear exam.
