Rock Bottom Gas Management - A Hypothetical Accident Study

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MikeFerrara

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Dick and Jane are new but enthusiastic divers. They have dived every weekend since their OW class a month ago. Dick and Jane surmise from their reading of scubaboard threads that PADI was only after their money and the only place to receive good training was from GUE. Therefore they declined their lds invitation to join them for an AOW class. Instead, they plan to wait for a DIRF, which is scheduled in the spring in a neighboring state. In the meantime they endeavored to learn all they can. Last weekend, after reading this thread they decide it would be wise to incorporate “rock bottom ” combined with “minimum deco” into their gas planning. Confident in their newfound knowledge they begin to plan a 100 ft wreck dive. Their deepest to date has been a 75 ft dive with a dive master in the Caribbean. They carefully calculate the gas needed for both to ascend based on a surface consumption rate of 1 cu ft/min, an ascent rate of 30 ft /min and stops at 40, 30 and 20.

Dick and Jane descend on the wreck. All is going well. They are comfortable in their surroundings and confident in their plan. Even though the dive has been planned within the no decompression limit, as the dive progresses, it becomes clear that gas supply will be the limiting factor. Jane being small and of slight build is diving with a AL 63 cu ft tank while Dick being rather large has chose a HP 100 cu ft tank. They know from previous dives that their tank pressures are similar at the end of most dives. With Jane nearing “rock bottom” they stay near the down line. As they approach the ascent line Dick’s rented regulator free-flows violently. He handles this as taught and breaths from it up to the line. Jill stays very close and is prepared to offer gas to Dick. As Dicks’ air is depleted and the flow diminishes he switches to the regulator that Jill offers.

They begin their ascent. They are careful to ascend slowly and not exceed the planned ascent rate of thirty ft/minute. They have difficulty matching and controlling their ascent speed. As Dick begins to ascend more rapidly he vents his bc as Jane inhales more deeply to speed her ascent to keep up. As Dick slows after dumping and Jane speeds up they continue working to control their rate of ascent. The ascent and the events leading to it are somewhat stressful and both are kept busy by the task at hand. Though they do manage to check depth on occasion neither is able to check the change in depth against the elapsed time to gauge ascent rate. In reality, with all the speeding up and slowing down and swinging from positively buoyant to negatively buoyant they ascend at a rate much slower than 30 ft/ min. On all previous dives they ascended very slowly and feel that they may be ascending too quickly. Neither has a free hand to check Jane’s gas supply. As they approach 40 ft they struggle to get neutral and hold their depth. After a time, neither is sure how long they communicate the need to head for their 30 ft stop. After a couple false starts they resume their ascent. Suddenly both notice that it is becoming difficult to draw a breath.

What Dick and Jane didn’t know is that Dick has a normal surface consumption rate of 1.2 cu ft/min and it varies drastically with activity and comfort. During this ascent he may have been as high as 1.6 cu ft/min. They also never gave thought to how far off their gas plan could be with an ascent rate other than the planned 30 ft/min. They also had never measured their air consumption rates under different conditions and used the recommended 1 cu ft /min rate assuming it would be adequate. Even though they were aware of how to convert surface consumption rate to that of a given depth, they used an intermediate depth for their calculation. They never considered that their calculations were only valid for a constant ascent rate. Due to the difficulties in the beginning of the ascent they actually ascended more slowly early on and were behind their gas plan from the start.

I hope this story is fiction and born only of my own imagination.
 
Moral?

Gas planning has to take into account the consumption rates, tanks, and skill of the divers involved. And where was the bail-out backup plan? IMHO, not only should you know what your bail-out (rock bottom) is, but how and when to know to go to the backup.

Were they checking their SPGs on the ascent? Why did neither have that ability?

Did they know what gas level they should have expected at, say 30' before deco began (or 40', as you indicate).

Did they forget that the "thumbs up" hand signal?

Sounds like a classic case of "intermediate syndrome" which happens in any activity like this. It occurs in that dangerous time when intermediates think they know it all, rather than realizing that what they don't know is a lot more important than what they do...
 
jeffsterinsf once bubbled...
Sounds like a classic case of "intermediate syndrome" which happens in any activity like this. It occurs in that dangerous time when intermediates think they know it all, rather than realizing that what they don't know is a lot more important than what they do...
Until I got to the last line in Mike's post I thought maybe he was telling a real story about a couple of his own PADI students....

And then I realized that this was just a classic case of "Strawman."

Better to share information than to obfuscate.
Better refutation than diversion.
Better fact than fancy.
 
MikeFerrara once bubbled...
They carefully calculate the gas needed for both to ascend based on a surface consumption rate of 1 cu ft/min, an ascent rate of 30 ft /min and stops at 40, 30 and 20.
[...]
What Dick and Jane didn’t know is that Dick has a normal surface consumption rate of 1.2 cu ft/min and it varies drastically with activity and comfort. During this ascent he may have been as high as 1.6 cu ft/min.

Lets go through the fatal flaws in their plan...

1) 30 ft/min is their planned and maximum ascent rate. Base your gas management plan on 20 ft/min

2) Being new divers, they can't guarantee their bouyancy skills. So for gas management needs, plan the gas need for 50, 40 and 30, rather than 30, 20, and 10 ... the target stops.

3) They used SAC rates that weren't their sac rates. If Dicks normal consumption rate is 1.2, you already can throw the plan out the window. If his stressed consumption rate is 1.6, then that is what they should be using.

We won't get into the 'adding extra buffer when pushing limits' or even if they have the training to do the dive they were doing.

When using SAC rate based plans, plan in checkpoints and adjust the dive shorter if those check points fail. E.g. if you plan 20 minutes @ 100 fsw will have you ascending at the rock bottom point, then scribble down your psi 'targets' for 5, 10 and 15 minutes as well. If your over those targets, then your plan is wrong... you start your ascent earlier, and re-evaluate your numbers for your next dive plan.
 
Good, keep going! There may be other things to think about when developing a plan like this. Let's take a look.
 
There was only one fatal flaw. They dove beyond their training. Had they had the training, none of that would have happened. They were idiots no matter how you look at it. PADI, NAUI, nor GUE, training could have helped these two. Even with the advanced training, they probably would have tried to make even harder dives, and ended up in the same situation. It is very hard to teach away stupidity.

Mike, in your story, how do they make out in the end? CESA from <30FSW? One freaking out and drowning the other as they fight to the death at depth? C'mon I have to know! :D
 
JamesK once bubbled...
There was only one fatal flaw. They dove beyond their training.

Same story.. 60 fsw... if they don't know how to plan their gas supply, they are going to have the problem anyway. There were a lot more mistakes than just the issue with diving beyond training.
 
No matter how many things they did wrong in gas management, and gas planning, it still comes down to training, or just sheer stupidity. They were never trained how to properly manage their gas supply for a dive like this. You said it yourself, they do not know how to plan for a dive like this. Why? becuase they were never trained to. They read something on the internet, and thought they could do it. That is pure stupidity.

My conclusion as to the cause of this accident:

50% diving beyond training
50% sheer unadulterated stupidity
 
JamesK once bubbled...
No matter how many things they did wrong in gas management, and gas planning, it still comes down to training, or just sheer stupidity.

Not to compare scubaboard to Sheck Exley's book... but...

How useful would be "Basic Cave Diving" if the response to every accident report was " 'cause they were stupid"...
 
https://www.shearwater.com/products/peregrine/

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