Steve
Just my two pennorth worth on the subject of snorkels.
I agree with
Diver0001 that the use of a snorkel is down to using your common sense. Experience will dictate whether a particular dive will require the use of a snorkel or not. Until you consider yourself experienced then I would suggest you work with what you have been taught.
As to whether it could be considered an item of life saving equipment the debate will continue.
Personally, I use a snorkel for training and always carry one on my dives. As an old "SAR (Search and Rescue) Diver" I served both with 771 and 772 Squadrons at Culdrose and Portland respectively. For a lost diver at sea I could give good arguments as to why a snorkel could be considered an item of life saving equipment.
Firstly, if you and your buddy surface and the sea starts to 'cut up rough' there is a good chance that your boat could miss you. In the UK for last year there were in excess of 25 incidents reported for missing divers. One buddy team surfaced
with Delayed Surface Market Buoys less than 100 metres from the boat but were missed in the swells. They were picked up 4 hours later.
Just inflating your BCD or suit isn't going to keep water from entering your lungs. Remember that most conventional BCDs have a tendency to push the diver forward into a face down position. If you have found yourself in an out of air situation on the surface then the snorkel will give you the extension you need to keep your airway relatively clear of water. Yes, of course some water will be inhaled, but certainly not as much as not using your snorkel.
The worst case scenario is that an extended period of time in the water around the UK is going to bring on hypothermia and shock. Small amounts of water entering into the lungs will also bring on secondary drowning. One of the required training films that we were made to watch was "The Cold Water Casualty". In my opinion it is a pity that it is not available to the general diving public as attitudes might be re-formed after viewing!
This is, of course, a worst case scenario and one that you will not, hopefully, find yourself in. However, as that wise old scout once said "BE PREPARED!!"