Hi Greg,
Thanks for your comments.
What is the pro and con of "a removable high pressure seat"?
The pro of a removable seat is that if it is damaged, it can be replaced. Otherwise, you must replace the entire first stage body. But, I have only seen one damaged HP seat in a Mares regulator after servicing them for nearly 10 years. So it isn't a real serious concern.
Is there any "meaningful" advantage to the Mares MR 12 Rebel or the Mares V16 Proton XL?
The V16 first stage does have superior hose routing for single tank diving. It also offers a higher gas flow than that of the MR12. Either one will give great breathing at recreational depths. I use two MR12 first stages on my cave/tech diving rig, and they offer very stable, consistent performance whether at 60' or 130'. If helium based mixes are used at greater depths, they would breathe even easier due to the decrease in mix density.
These model numbers and names can drive ya nuts!
The Mares regs are all diaphragm first stages, with the exception of the unbalanced piston R2 model. The R2 has the lowest gas flow, the MR12 is next, with the V16 in the middle, and the MR22 series having the highest amount of gas flow. Remember that a second stage is the limiting factor in a reg's performance. The Mares second stages have a flow rate of between 50-70cfm of air (dependent on model). The MR12 has a flow rate of around 130-140cfm, so it can easily handle two second stags at a heavy flow.
The 16 and 22 series (includes V32), will have less drop in intermediate pressure than the 12, but this is not a great factor in recreational type diving. All of the Mares first stages use a port that leads from the back of the diaphragm to the IP area. This is called the DFC (dynamic flow control), and it goes to one port that is marked. Testing has shown that it does indeed work in lowering the IP drop. AquaLung, and some other brands now use it in some of their first stage diaphragm designs.
Greg Barlow