What kind of school should I look into? What kind of prices am I looking at and how much generally will it cost to start my diving journey?
Ballpark figures - I'm not in MD. Under $300 for the basic gear required for the course (mask, fins/boots, snorkel, gloves) In my area the Openwater class is around $350 more. Sometimes that includes gear, otherwise rentals are often discounted during class use - ex would be if you did a local training dive and took the gear from the property. If there's travel involved for checkout dives that's additional.
There's a lot of help here:
http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/ne...ng/287780-how-find-excellent-scuba-class.html
PADI is the largest certification agency in the U.S. and probably worldwide. Other options are SSI (I'm one) NAUI, NASE, SDI/TDI, SEI, IANTD and many others I can't think of. All have some sort of dive shop locator on their websites as well as detailed information on their programs. Since I have two bookmarked:
SSI Scuba Schools International
PADI | The Way the World Learns to Dive®
I can't speak to MD conditions but a quick look at our forum indicates people do dive there. Often once you get a little off-shore conditions get remarkably better. As a general example, I dive in SC occasionally. Off the beach it's so sandy/murky you can't see your feet. At the reefs farther out - maybe 10mi. offshore - visibiility can be 100' on a good day. Compared to the Bahamas/Cayman Islands/Hawaii where 200' is not unheard of. Once you get certified you can also dive the Baltimore Aquarium - one of the dive shops there provides support for that program. And probably volunteer divers.
I live in Arizona. I've
never dove here - certified locally in 1981. I did have to snorkel in one of our local mudholes during class once decades ago. Except for SoCal all my diving is high visibility, warm water coral reef diving - it's what I like.
I suggest finding a shop you like the looks of and going in to talk to them. Actually try several. Each agency has a slightly different approach so ask about differences. If you sign up for classes, at least let them sell you the mask/boots/fins. Those things - especially the mask - will be more comfortable during class if they fit. I can't stress it enough,
get a mask that fits. If it doesn't you'll be fighting it thru class. In cold water, it's also quite a shock when 50+ degree water hits your face/eyes unexpectedly when you flex and it leaks.
Also know that any shops best chance to sell you a lot of expensive new dive gear is during or just after certification when you're excited about it. That can be a good or bad thing depending on the lines they sell and sometimes on what they make the most margin on. Some shops are also just interested in selling you the best thing, even if it's not the most expensive. I have two of those locally and also one that tries to oversell me any chance he gets.
Online is also an option for gear sales. You may find better pricing at some of the online retailers - many of whom are also affiliated with a shop. So they offer full mfr's warranty on what they sell - the same warranty will be accepted by your shop generally. A few years ago that wasn't always the case. I usually let my shop compete on the best price I find on more expensive items - some like my regulator sell for the same price everywhere. So I established a rapport with a local shop by letting them sell it to me instead of buying it online from my favorite reseller - Scubatoys in Dallas.
hth, hopefully some of your local MD divers will see this and can weigh in on regional specific differences. Most times when you dive in any sort of group, during your class, off a boat etc. finding a buddy isn't usually a problem. Your shop will match you with someone during your class anyway. I usually bring my buddy but we often let someone buddyless join us also if we seem to have the same diving interests.
Solo diving is a pursuit for well after you're certified. Some of the organizations recently are allowing it. PADI calls theirs Self-Reliant Diver. Other agencies also teach the protocols for solo diving including the redundant equipment generally thought to be a good idea to have with you during a dive.
It's one of those things I first did around 100 dives. I don't dive deep when I do it and someone on the boat knows when to expect me back.