Gee, you're right, rainpilot.
"Assuming all are the same brightness, what's the best color to be seen underwater?"
I don't think the OP defined "best" yet. We don't know what they are looking for that makes one better than the other.
If it is just "best to be seen" and bearing in mind they are all the same brightness in his hypothetical...
Water absorbs red light fast. Yellow light almost as fast. Green light soon after, and blue light least. So in theory, a BLUE marker can be seen from furthest away. Except, the human visual system isn't really tuned for blue. We don't have a great visual sensitivity to it, and our eyes literally can't focus blue light as well as other colors. Among other perceptual issues.
But for visibility in the water, blue would be king.
Until you factor in the real world, where brightness is highly variable, and red or white lights are liable to get more attention as well as be available in greater brightness. There's nothing quite like a honking xenon strobe to get attention, even if it does eat batteries.
"Best" ? For a chemical light stick, IIRC Cyalume stills makes their brightest and longest duration (two different choices) in the yellow-green color, which would also be the least expensive. That's all choices for "best" too. It's also the color they choose to show on their own diving products photo.