I think the type of learning that you describe, by gradually being exposed to appropriate challenges, surrounded by peers and mentors, is the best way of learning. In that sense I'm a fan of dive clubs and the BSAC model. Even so, within this model, I still think it's important to have some division or limits, where you need to show proficiency and experience before you can cross said limit.If my experience of diving with a club instead of a commercial structure is applicable to BSAC, there is an assumption that you dive mainly with other people from your club (including your instructors), who know your skills and let you progress at your rhythm, progressively acquiring skills which are needed for the dives your club are doing. You may change club, but the new one will provide most of your buddies and its instructors will keep you progressing on a kind of companionship formation. You get formal tests to pass a certification, but most of the skill teaching is far less formal. (Teaching of theory was more formal, but they took advantage of opportunities provided by the weekly dives to reinforce it).
That's a totally different context than passing a certification while on vacation with an instructor you never met before and will probably not meet again after. You progress on a continuous sloop, you aren't climbing up steps.
At least that's the setting I was formed in. I presume @Angelo Farina come from something similar. My guess is that BSAC started there as well, but I'm not sure how much it has evolved, nor how much the two kinds are co-existing in it.
I also dive in a club, but one that is not affiliated with any training agency, and does not certify divers. One thing I have noticed is that some more experienced members will sometimes encourage less experienced members to dive outside their training. That I think is a potential weakness with the dive club structure, if senior members don't take their role and the power dynamics into consideration, they could possibly make newer divers feel like they can't define their own limits or they might feel pressured to do things they don't feel comfortable with.
Edit:
With good role models, and mentors/instructors and an established safety culture I think the dive club model is the best environment for learning scuba and growing a community