Sorry this happened to you. Unfortunately, you must not have seen the numerous warnings posted here and on other forums regarding using the "Cashola" ATM machines that are independently owned and not affiliated with any bank. I always, always warn my guests and divers to use only the ATM's affiliated with an actual bank. Here we have Banamex, Bancomer, HSBC, Banorte, Santander, Scotia Bank - these are as safe as any ATM in any city affiliated with a bank.
Credit/debit card security is an issue in every city in the world - this is not an issue exclusive to Cozumel.
My card was compromised in The Woodlands, TX a few years ago - a really nice, upscale suburb of Houston - so please don't paint Cozumel with a tainted brush.