I dove for 10 years before real BCS came out. Prior to that the only thing was the useless navy UDT horse collar with manual inflation. You had to have water skills. Equipment was not real sophisticated, J-valves (reserve air) for when you ran out of air, dive watch for tracking bottom times, divers were hard core compared to now. My dive instructors were all active duty UDT/Navy SEALS and the training back then, would run off a lot of people today. We had to use a Black out mask and had to doff and Don your gear underwater, and recover your regulator in total darkness. They would jerk your mask off, snatched your regulator out, sneak up and turn off your cylinder, throw your gear in the deep end and then make you swim down and put it all on. Free ascent simulating out of air. Swim from one end of the pool to the other giving the out of air sign and buddy breath off one regulator. Use of the snorkle. Beach entry, rock entry, basic cave dive, open water, boat entry, basic wreck dive, a night dive, emergency deco, water recompression, the list goes on. I think one can safely dive without a BC, I did it, but it really depends on training,water skills, and endurance. It has risks. I certified with NASDS it was six weeks, two nights a week with pool day all day every Saturday, it also required a minimum of 8 open water dives and could take more if the instructors didn't think you were safe to dive. The training has definitely been watered down to appeal to a wider user group. If I had to get equivalent certifications today from say PADI, I would have a sleeve full of their little qualification badges! Lol