2airishuman
Contributor
So, other than getting a C0 detector, what visual things can can cue you into a perhaps questionable filling station. BTW CO detector is already on my to buy list.
Ultimately you have to trust the fill station operator. Air that smells bad usually is, but unsafe air can pass the sniff test. Yes, you can test for CO, but there is a significant cost in time and money for doing so given that CO measurement devices require regular calibration and sensor replacement. And there are other possible contaminants.
In choosing a local source for fills that I'm going to use repeatedly, I ask a lot of questions, look at the air analysis, and ponder which of the available choices is safest. That isn't feasible for vacation dives. Again, you have to choose a dive op with a good reputation, and that's all you can do.