In the application of PADI standards to our local dive training lake, we cover the components listed above, and more. The focus is knowing where you were, where you are, and how to get where you want to be. We do a lot of compass work, but also incorporate depth, light direction, and natural objects into the process. We emphasize team work and buddy cooperation. I think nav skills are important for all divers. I know some disagree. DivemasterDennis