Mapping a Reef

Please register or login

Welcome to ScubaBoard, the world's largest scuba diving community. Registration is not required to read the forums, but we encourage you to join. Joining has its benefits and enables you to participate in the discussions.

Benefits of registering include

  • Ability to post and comment on topics and discussions.
  • A Free photo gallery to share your dive photos with the world.
  • You can make this box go away

Joining is quick and easy. Log in or Register now!

mccabejc

Contributor
Messages
1,326
Reaction score
3
Location
Upland, CA
# of dives
100 - 199
I want to make a topographical map of a set of reefs, which are pretty much an extension of a local beach. If that's too much to accomplish, then at least I'd like to be able to draw an outline of the reefs without depth/topo information. I'm trying to figure out the cheapest and best way to do it. I'd like to do it at 0 cost, of course, and might pay some money on equipment only if I can use for other things.

I'm looking for some thoughts on ways to accomplish this. Here's what I've considered so far:

1. Accessed the Terraserver (http://terraserver.microsoft.com/) to find satellite images of the beach, hoping to see an aerial view of the reefs with sufficient definition to define the outline of the reef. Found the exact image I needed, but unfortunately, it didn't have quite enough definition. I guess conditions have to be just right. In any case, here's the photo if anyone is interested. It's the reefs surrounding the splotch of white at the bottom center of the image, where waves are breaking on some parts of the reef:

http://terraserver.microsoft.com/image.aspx?t=1&s=10&x=2130&y=18559&z=11&w=1

2. Also considered using sonar, but that's too big a production. Side scan sonar would be neat, but mine's in the shop. :eyebrow:

3. I just ordered a handheld depth finder (http://www.vexilar.com/products/lps1.html) which is just a neat dive gadget, and I could probably use it to provide depth info as I paddled around the reef in a kayak or something. I was also thinking of correlating that info with GPS location waypoints from cheap handheld GPS, which might ultimately allow me to plot out depths and generate a topo on the aforementioned terraserver image if I did things right. Still seems like a lot of work to me. And if I was to go really nuts about this, I could enter the data into my 3D animation software and generate a 3D image of the reef that you can rotate and stuff. Cool....

4. I could wait for the perfect visibility and lighting conditions (whatever that may be), and find a spot on the cliff which rises maybe 30 or so feet above the beach and take a photo of the reef. That would at least give me an outline. But my guess is that the sun would have to be directly overhead or behind me, which means sometime in mid-summer, because now the sun would be low on the horizon in front of me.

5. I could ask a diver who is also pilot to fly over the reef when conditions are perfect and take a photo.

6. All of the equipment which involves towing a GPS device around on a float above you as you measure depth is way too much hassle, and too expensive.

7. It would be ideal if there were existing topo maps which extended past these reefs, but I'm not aware of any. Anyone know of any marine topo maps I can access for this area?

You may ask why I want to do this. Well, because I've dove this reef a couple of times and cannot figure out how it's laid out. There is a map in one of our local dive books (http://www.saintbrendan.com/cdnjuly02/Fishermans.html) which I couldn't seem to correlate to the actual reef. My next step is to ask the author how they came up with the map.

Thanks for any input.
 
http://www.baue.org/

Contact these guys, they will know some tricks. Or dive the reef a lot till you have a mental picture of what's going on.
 
There are off-the-shelf (or close to it) GIS (geographic information systems) solutions for everything you'd like to do, essentially linking waypoints and topograhy seamlessly in the field. Then you just pop it into the computer program and you have instant data; many of the GIS programs are well equipped to handle 3D as well. I wish I could tell you what it all costs and what exactly to get, but in my previous life as a land use planner, I did very little of the GIS work, and now I'm a lawyer, so whatever I knew in 2001 has basically faded away. I don't think this solution would be particularly cheap, so maybe the Geography department at a local college might be able to help out as a basic GIS project.

Another option would be to laminate the map and bring it down with you. Being able to turn the map with my body has always been helpful to me. This might be a bit cheaper too. Keep track of your swimming direction with a compass heading and then match up known underwater features on the map.
 
#3 sounds like a good plan, but you might also consider diving the site with a reel and line with a knot at every 10', and marking depth and features along different compass headings. It isn't quick, but it makes for a good map.
 
You can wade through this data:
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/dataexplorer/




There are ways of applying differential corrections to observed GPS positions after the fact based on the time the positions were taken. While I understand the concept, I have no hands-on experience with it. That could improve the accuracy of your kayak survey quite a bit.
Here is the site to get the raw data:
http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/Data.html



If you know someone with a surveyor's transit, you can buoy the reef and then take bearings on the buoys from at least two points on shore. Considering the distances involved, that could be the most accurate way to do this without spending a bunch of money on a precision GPS system.
 
Still down sick are we?

Try a Polarized filter on the camer to kill the reflection off the water, take photo from 100-500 feet with a large format camera and quality film and of course go up on a day with the water visibility is terific.

eventually this site will have some stuff up to help you. http://www.spl.usace.army.mil/pd/coastal/bath_la.html
http://seafloor.csumb.edu/SFMLwebDATA.htm

Nautical charts do not have the detail you are looking for, and get less so in close to shore.http://mapserver.maptech.com/homepa...x.cfm&bpid=MAP0060030900,1,1,0&latlontype=DMS
http://www.terraserver.com/imagery/...3&cpy=33.54219805&res=8&provider_id=320&t=pan

http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/pacmaps/la-shd.html
 
I've been looking for an inexpensive data logger to do the same thing. Hook up the NMEA 0183 output from the GPS and the Depth sounder to the logger, do the survey. Download to the PC and use SURFER to make a chart. I just can't find a cheap data logger that will accept the GPS with the Depth. Lots of cheap, only GPS, loggers out there. Taking the laptop in the kayak doesn't sound like a good idea for a logger.
 
Jim,

The best that I have used for mapping a site is the U-search pattern. It doesn’t require any cool technology but it does work.

With this pattern, you take a compass heading and count your kick cycles. You stop at every 10 kicks or so and record your depth and sketch any landmarks onto your dive slate.

Once you reach the decided number of kick cycles (predetermined based on visibility and topography) you would take another heading of 90 degrees and take 5 (again predetermined based on visibility and topography) kick cycles, then make another 90 degree turn that would take you back in the opposite direction from where you started.

Keep doing this until you have mapped the entire site...this may take several dives depending on the size of the reef. (hope that was not too confusing)

Here is a map I created using this pattern.. http://www.harle.cc/sites/kvitower.asp
 
DennisS:
I've been looking for an inexpensive data logger to do the same thing. Hook up the NMEA 0183 output from the GPS and the Depth sounder to the logger, do the survey. Download to the PC and use SURFER to make a chart. I just can't find a cheap data logger that will accept the GPS with the Depth. Lots of cheap, only GPS, loggers out there. Taking the laptop in the kayak doesn't sound like a good idea for a logger.

Is this what you had in mind?

http://www.brookhouseonline.com/nmealogger.htm
 
Good one!, I just e-mailed them for a price
 

Back
Top Bottom