A submarine snorkel is a device that allows a submarine to operate submerged while still taking in air from above the surface. Its common military name is snort.
Until the advent of nuclear power, submarines were designed to operate on the surface most of the time and submerge only for evasion or for rare daylight attacks. In 1940, at night, a U-boat was safer on the surface than submerged because ASDIC sonar could detect boats underwater but was almost useless against a surface vessel. However, with the continued improvement in methods of radar detection and attack, as the war progressed, the U-boat was forced to spend more and more time underwater running on electric motors that gave speeds of only a few knots and with very limited endurance. A submarine that stayed underwater for more than a few hours also encountered various disposal problems and had to store garbage internally, further fouling boats already notorious for their odors.
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to add to that definition. Also a submarine depending on location and surrounding water temperatures the snorkle often times caused the diesel engines to run at a reduced speed as the intake of air was intended for both operation of the diesel combustion air intake as well as supply fresh ventilated air to the crew. As the snorkle was a small opening due to its size alone the air had to be shared between both crew and the engines. Though it was possible to run the diesel engines at flank speed this was rarely done to conserve air quality inside of th submarine. This also proved important should the submarine come under attack they would have adequate air within for the prolonged period of time without the snorkle.
the snorkle consisted of two main parts as well located on the front of the snorkle was the fresh air intake. This took in the fresh air in sort of a scoop fashion. Located on that same snorkle however in a second pipe within the primary snorkle was the exhaust valve located on the back of the snorkle at a significant height diffrence to allow the oncoming wind to blow the exhaust away from the intake.
This snorkle actually was believed to have been capable of changing the outcome of world war 2 significantly had it had been invented sooner and equipped on more u boats