One incident I researched happened at the surface. Diver did not know how to help a buddy dump weights. He watched her drown while trying to hold her up by her octo.
So PADI seems to address this basic rescue part of diving well before a dedicated 'Rescue' course. Here are some examples of 'how to avoid surface emergencies'. I thought the other agencies would be very similar if not identical.
QUIZ
(2A) 7.The most important feature of a weight system is:
A you can use it without your hands.
B you can remove the weight easily with one hand in an emergency.
C a design that keeps the weight from moving around during the dive.
D padding to protect you from accidental injury.
(3A) 6. You can prevent most surface emergencies (problems) by:
A diving only from boats.
B diving with a skilled buddy in a familiar place.
C using the best equipment made.
D reducing your physical effort and makinq yourself float.
(3A) 7. What is the first thing you should do with an injured diver at the surface?
A Make the diver float and check to see if the diver is breathing.
B get the diver out of the water.
C Find out what happened.
D Give the diver emergency oxyqen
Divers have the vast majority of their accidents by not following their training. Unfortunately inexperienced divers (and some experienced) forget their training at critical moments. Vehicle drivers do it as well- braking in a slide for example. 90% of dead divers are found with their weights still on according to at least one study.
http://www.divingmedicine.info
Diving Fatality Data
90% died with their weight belt on
86% were alone when they died.
50% didnot inflate their buoyancy vest.
25% encountered their difficulty first on the surface
50% actually died on the surface.
10% were under training when they died.
10% were advised that they were medically unfit to dive.
5% were cave diving.
1% of "rescuers" became a victim.
I believe 'rescue skills' are required by the average diver and I also believe that they're adequately covered in a typical beginner diving course. It's simply not that hard to release a weightbelt, yet some certified divers are apparently incapable when stressed. How would more 'advanced' rescue techniques save more lives if they can't remove a weightbelt?